GEOG 316 Medical Geography
Spring 1999
Ellen Kraly

The Research Project: Ecology of Infectious Disease

You and two other students in our class will form a group to collaborate to study a natural nidal, infectious disease. The disease should also be vectored. Your group will present to the class in a 15 minute presentation on the ecology and landscape epidemiology of the selected disease. You will then submit to me a research paper . The project is due anytime before spring break.

The presentation and paper should generally explain and develop the ecology of your disease as well as the patterns and mechanisms of the spread of the disease in a territory. First, the paper should include one or two paragraphs describing the physiology of the disease (killing or debilitating; effects on organs; major symptoms; length of incubation period; available therapies; etc.) and the modes by which the causative agent comes in contact with humans. Note, however, that the geography of the disease does not lie in the physiology, so limit this discussion to a few well-organized paragraphs or a page. Second, diagram and discuss the disease transmission system.

Third, there are several thematic questions to be addressed concerning the ecology and the landscape epidemiology of the disease. What is the human ecology of the disease? How do population, behavior and habitat interact to maintain the disease in a community? What are the conditions of the physical environment that determine the location, territorial extent, and limitation of the transmission system? How does cultural behavior create buffer, expose, move or otherwise maintain the human disease? Finally, perhaps as a concluding section of the paper and presentation, what are the intervention points to combat the disease (these should also be indicated in your diagram).

The research paper involves both thought and reading in order to learn more about the factors of your disease. As a group you can and should divide up the research with the goal to share, discuss and interpret research findings. You have two options in writing the paper. You may work independently to write a paper of about 8-10 pages (double-spaced). Or, if your group can demonstrate to me that you have each come to understand each component of the analysis and have collaborated on the interpretation of available research and policy recommendations, then you may produce one collaborative paper. I would expect that paper to encompass a more detailed analysis.

Clarity of thought, understanding, and expression are important for a good research paper. The paper should be an original integration of material and should reflect the use of course terminology and concepts. The Style Guide of the Department of Geography should be followed in preparing the final draft of the paper.

You will not find what you need in any single reference or research article. You will therefore have to conduct extensive research on your disease in various periodicals for background material. The following should be of use:

May, Jacques M. Ed. 1961. Studies in Disease Ecology. New York: Hafner Publishing Co. (Although dated, this is a classic in disease ecology; facts may need updating.)

Learmonth, Andrew. 1988. Disease Ecology. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.

Kiple, K. F. Ed. 1993. Cambridge World History of Human Disease. New York: Cambridge University Press.

These books will be placed on reserve in Cooley Science Library. Depending on the disease your group chooses, the various articles on the reading list will also be very helpful. You will need, however, to supplement these with your own research efforts.

Ideally, the project groups should be interdisciplinary; that is, students concentrating in geography should work with student from the physical sciences or humanities. I encourage you to be creative in your presentation.

Possible choices of diseases for research are the following:

onchocerciasis
filariasis
lyme disease
trichinosis
leishmaniasis
toxoplasmosis
giardia
loiasis
cryptosporidiosis
chagas
trypanosomiasis
dengue fever
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Guinea worm disease
scrub typhus
hantavirus

Documentation

Background Information

Cambridge World History of Human Disease
Cooley Reserve: R 131.C233 1993

Disease Ecology: An Introduction
Cooley Reserve: RA 792.L43

Studies in Disease Ecology
Cooley Reserve: RA 792.M37

Global Health Statistics
Cooley Reserve: RA 407.M87

Merck Manual, 16th ed.
Cooley Reference: RC 55 .M4 1992

Journal Databases (Sources for Primary Sources)

BasicBiosis

Geobase

FactSearch

PubMed (Medline)

Useful Web Resources

Exlibris (Libraries' Gateway to Web Resources) and Mondo (Colgate Libraries' Catalog)

Encyclopedia Britannica

Yahoo! - Health: Diseases and Conditions

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Medscape (Bug Vectors Index--You must register. It is free.)

World Health Organization

Hantavirus Information